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If so, try the following Fast track questions. Study comment Having read the introduction you may feel that you are already familiar with the material covered by this module and that you do not need to study it. This section also touches briefly on the idea of a more fundamental scale of temperature based on thermodynamic principles and describes recent recommendations for the practical definition of temperature scales. In Section 4 both themes are brought together to show how knowledge of the properties of an ideal gas leads to an absolute scale of temperature and to an accurate method of temperature measurement. Section 3 deals with the properties of ideal gases and introduces Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, the ideal gas law and the equation of state of an ideal gas. Some basic ideas about temperature and its measurement are discussed in Section 2. At first glance these properties might seem unrelated to temperature but as you will see they are all intimately bound together, partly because an understanding of these properties requires an understanding of temperature and partly because monitoring such properties turns out to be an excellent method of measuring temperature. Examples of the macroscopic properties of a gas might be its volume, pressure or density. We will use the term macroscopic in this context to mean ‘on a scale sufficiently large that we do not need to worry about the behaviour of atoms or molecules’. The module is also concerned with the macroscopic or bulk properties of gases. In doing so we hope to provide a clear idea of its scientific meaning. What is ‘hotness’ after all? This module will examine the idea of temperature and its measurement. Most school texts describe temperature as ‘degree of hotness’ – but that is somewhat unsatisfactory. We all have an intuitive idea of what it means, yet it is a very elusive concept to try and pin down more precisely.
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Temperature is a word we probably hear every day of our lives: ‘The temperature must be in the nineties’ ‘Bake the cake at a temperature of 200 ☌’ etc.